Topics
1. Mechanics
Scalar and vector quantities (velocity, acceleration, force, momentum).
Uniform and uniformly accelerated motion.
Free fall and projectile motion (motion at an angle to the horizontal).
Newton’s Second Law, friction forces, tension, normal force.
Work, energy, power. Law of conservation of energy.
Momentum and the law of conservation of momentum (collisions).
Circular motion: centripetal acceleration and force.
Kepler’s laws and gravitation (for 5 units).
2. Electricity
Electrostatics: charge, Coulomb’s force, electric field, voltage, potential.
Electric current, voltage, resistance, Ohm’s law.
Series and parallel resistor circuits.
Electric power and work of current.
Capacitors (for 5 units).
3. Magnetism and Electromagnetism (5 units)
Magnetic field, Lorentz force.
Magnetic effects of electric current.
Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws (electromagnetic induction).
4. Waves and Sound
Basic properties of waves: wavelength, frequency, speed.
Interference and diffraction.
Standing waves and harmonics.
Sound: pitch, loudness, resonance.
5. Light and Optics
Laws of reflection and refraction.
Lenses and mirrors.
Image construction and magnification.
Interference and diffraction (5 units).
6. Thermal Phenomena
Internal energy, temperature, heat capacity.
Heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation).
First law of thermodynamics.
7. Modern Physics (5 units only)
Photoelectric effect.
Wave–particle duality of light and matter.
Atomic nucleus and radioactivity (alpha, beta, gamma).